The levant, for example, encompasses modern syria, lebanon, israel and the palestinian territories, and is often seen as an important area in part because of its close historical connection with countries in europe and around the mediterranean. Jul 11, 2011 by then the maronites had established themselvesa cardinal fact in the history of lebanon, which long remained predominantly christian while syria became muslim. History of iraq great britain gained control of iraq, previously known as mesopotamia, after the first world war. European history is a featured book on wikibooks because it contains substantial content, it is wellformatted, and the wikibooks community has decided to feature it on the main page or in other places. The lebanese state is analysed as a membership organization where both formal. List of books and articles about lebanese history online. In lebanon, however, the christians on the whole had an advantage over the muslims. Pdf a history of modern lebanon by traboulsi, fawwaz.
Lebanon profile important facts, people and history. This book is an excellent account and analysis of that period of lebanon s history. Through the history of lebanon in the 19th and 20th centuries, the modern sectarianism and ethnic violence can be better understood as results of international intervention and interference. Their combined effect largely accounts for the main themes around which lebanon s modern history is articulated. The following period was a charged and transformative time of unrest. Fawwaz traboulsi, a history of modern lebanon london and ann arbor. Lebanon maintained a precarious democracy from the time of its independence from france in 1943 until a 15year civil war broke out in 1975. This placed them in a position to provide the country, for a long time, with most of the needed infrastructure. In this impressive synthesis, william harris narrates the history of the sectarian communities of mount lebanon and its vicinity. The previous edition was facetiously titled a decreasingly concise history of the middle east.
The 1932 census played a fundamental role in the state. Market relations and state formation on a colonial frontier c2008, by shah mahmoud hanifi html and pdf files at filed under. He manages to historically define the goal of the secular movement in calling for its abolition. Number 29 july 20 civilians gather at the site of a car bomb attack in amara, southeast of. This pdf ebook is one of digital edition of a history of modern lebanon by traboulsi, fawwaz published by. Article 11 of lebanon s constitution states that arabic is the official national language.
Written by a leading lebanese scholar, and based on previously inaccessible archives, it is a fascinating and beautifullywritten account of one of the worlds most fabled countries. The phoenix center for lebanese studies explore lebanon in. The country was also particularly marked by its regional context, with the transarab national movements of the 1960s as well as the arabisraeli conflict since 1948. A history in pictures lebanon gained independence from france in 1943. By then the maronites had established themselvesa cardinal fact in the history of lebanon, which long remained predominantly christian while syria became muslim. The country adopted a constitution that created a parliament with. Lebanon county historical society lebanon county, pa. After taif, a divisive tension arose between lebanons two main muslim communities, the sunnis and shia. Militant women of a fragile nation malek abisaab isbn. A history of modern lebanon by traboulsi, fawwaz published by pluto press 2007 read online document about a history of modern lebanon by traboulsi, fawwaz published by pluto press 2007 download is available on print and digital edition. The evidence of tools found in caves along the coast of what is now lebanon shows that the area was inhabited from the paleolithic period old stone age through the neolithic period new stone age. He offers a fresh perspective on the antecedents of modern multicommunal lebanon, tracing the consolidation of lebanon s christian, muslim, and islamic derived sects from their origins between the sixth and eleventh centuries. A history of the lebanese civil war, by dilip hiroperhaps among the most difficult conflicts to understand, hiro illuminates the factions, actors, and events that comprise the history of the war, which raged from 1975 to 1990.
In some places in the middle east, secular culture flourishes. The lebanon of today is the greater lebanon grand liban created by france in september 1920, which includes the traditional area of mount lebanon the hinterland of the coastal strip from s ayd a to tar a bulus some coastal cities and districts such as beirut and tar a bulus tripoli, and the bekaa biq a valley in the east. The last ottoman generation and the making of the modern. The phoenix center for lebanese studies a seminar and an exhibition of ottoman documents related to the history of modern lebanon. The modern history of lebanon by kamal salibi abebooks. A concise history of the middle east arthur goldschmidt jr. This time, with the advice and help of karl yambert, our editor, we have pruned our account wherever we could, even as new events and trends had to be added. During lebanon s civil war, syrias troop deployment in lebanon was legitimized by the lebanese parliament in the taif agreement, supported by the arab league, and is given a major share of the credit for finally bringing the civil war to an end in october 1990.
The pattern and acceptance of sectarianism and the resultant ethnic violence in lebanon can be traced back to the mid19th century as the result of european involvement in the levant. Brief history of lebanon lebanese national flag the ancient phoenicianlebanese coastline famous cedar tree in center of flag photo furnished by c. When france took control of lebanon after world war i, the area differed from the rest of the arab world because it had a mix of muslims and christians, with the latter in the majority. The 1989 taif agreement, which put an end to the war, reshuffled the system. One catalyst was black september and the influx of palestinians into southern lebanon who quickly recreated the statewithin a state they had lost in jordan. The countrys modern history is marked by religious and political strife, which led to a succession of conflicts 1860, 1958 and culminated in the 19751991 civil war. Lebanon became independent in 1943 with beirut as its capital. The history of modern lebanon jewish virtual library. A stunning history of lebanon over five centuries skillfully weaving together social, political.
James naismith, a physical education professor and instructor at the international young mens christian association training school ymca today, springfield college in springfield, massachusetts, usa, was trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy day. Other articles where history of lebanon is discussed. A history of lebanon county prior to 1876, read before the. The nature of lebanon being distinguished from the mostly desertcountries surrounding it, along with the impact of the civilizations that inhabited lebanon through thousands of years reached its peak in the second half of the 20th century, when lebanon enjoyed prosperity, a free economy and the title of. The development of islamic civilization to the eighteenth century the rise and expansion of islam the development of islamic civilization to the fifteenth century the ottoman and safavid empires. It is entirely unique as the last history of lebanon was published more than forty years ago. We also have many ebooks and user guide is also related with a history of modern lebanon fawwaz. As part of the levant, it was part of numerous succeeding empires throughout ancient history, including the egyptian, assyrian, babylonian, achaemenid persian, hellenistic, roman and sasanid persian empires. An action research approach prepared by adrianne b. Lebanon is located in the middle east, bordering the mediterranean sea, between israel and syria. Starting with the formation of ottoman lebanon in the 16th century, traboulsi covers. A stunning history of lebanon over five centuries skillfully weaving together social, political, cultural and economic history, this deeply informed and penetrating study provides a rich understanding of the vibrant, tragic, but ever hopeful leban. Khayrallah program for lebanese diaspora studies at north carolina state university. Written by a leading lebanese scholar, and based on.
Covering 500 years of history in 250 pages is constraining, but traboulsi manages to pick out various threads that shaped modern lebanon, notably to explain the nature of the confessional political system. Lebanons independent republic took off with two founding documents. Development of violence and sectarianism in lebanon by. Please continue to improve it and thanks for the great work. A history of lebanon county prior to 1876, read before the lebanon county historical society, october 31, 19, by ezra grumbine by breslin, william m. It was home to ancient phoenician settlements at sites that continued to be important centers of trade into the modern era. Their combined effect largely accounts for the main themes around which lebanons modern history is articulated. Moise khayrallah, the center was established in 2010 to research, preserve and publicize the history of the lebaneseamerican diaspora in the united states and worldwide from its earliest days in the 1880s through today. The majority of lebanese people speak lebanese arabic, and sometimes french or.
A democratic, christian oasis surrounded by mostly monarchic, authoritarian or transitioning. Religious authority and sectarianism in lebanon carnegie. Located on the eastern coast of the mediterranean sea between israel and. Lebanon, country consisting of a narrow strip of territory on the eastern shore of the mediterranean sea. A new middle east does exist in places, but there is still an old middle east of tradition. A history of the modern middle east internet archive. The gaps between them have been filled with dictatorship, xenophobia, and fundamental ism. A history of modern lebanon as opposed to salibis a modern history of lebanon, fixes the starting date of the state of lebanon at the sixteenth century unlike other books that go into painstaking detail to narrate the history of this nation since ancient times. The beginning of the era of transformation forging a new synthesis. While the war ended following a 1989 peace agreement, syria maintained a military and intelligence presence that heavily. C o n n e x i o n s rice university, houston, texas. Read a history of modern lebanon online by fawwaz traboulsi.
Israelis and palestinians possess claims to this same land. Lebanon is a small country at the eastern coast of the mediterranean sea. The origin of the modern syrian explore the archive moise. The history of modern lebanon revision worksheet teaching. Hezbollah and the modern history of lebanon pt2 duration.
History of basketball in early december 1891, canadian american dr. Explore lebanon in the ottoman archives in collaboration with the general directorate of state archives of the prime ministry of the republic of turkey, the turkish embassy in beirut, and yunus emre institute in beirut. The flaws of the sectbased governance system in part led lebanon into civil war. Its territory was the core of the bronze age phoenician citystates. Insurgent leaders, trained in ottoman military tactics and with. A history of modern lebanon fawwaz traboulsi haftad. A history of modern lebanon fawwaz traboulsi pluto p press london ann. European history wikibooks, open books for an open world.
Lebanon s history begins in jbail byblos, on the coastline, where archaeologists have. Syria was made the postwar power broker and given guardianship over lebanon. Part two modern lebanon 145 4 emerging lebanon, 18421942 147. This is the first comprehensive history of lebanon in the modern period. The borders of contemporary lebanon are a product of the treaty of sevres of 1920.
The delicate ethnicpolitical balance in lebanon began to unravel in the early 1970s. Four years later, the british colonial government helped set up the hashemite monarchy2 in iraq. Written by a leading lebanese scholar and based on previously inaccessible archives, it is a fascinating and beautifullywritten account of one of the worlds most fabled countries. Read a history of modern lebanon by fawwaz traboulsi for free with a 30 day. Recent evolutions in lebanese society following 15 years of civil war 19751990, that left lebanon in a depleted economic, sociopolitical and human situation, the country experienced 15 years of restless as well as unbalanced reconstruction. This audio file was created from a revision of the article history of lebanon dated. Lebanon went 10 months without an executive government, finally forming a council of ministers on february 15, 2014. Section 1 the history of the police 3 enforcement in their communities. Dec 16, 2016 moreover, the influence of the state system in the middle east has been pervasive, restructuring every facet of social life including the religious lives of the regions numerous sects. Hezbollah a year after the war in lebanon july11 07 duration. Lebanon introduction the past year in lebanon has been defined by protracted political and economic stagnation, paralleled by an upsurge in violence.